飞灰是指在垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化系统中收集而得的残余物，垃圾焚烧飞灰含有大量的重金属和二噁英等有毒有害物质，世界卫生组织国际癌症研究中心将二噁英确定为一级致癌物。
Fly ash refers to the residue collected in the flue gas purification system of waste incineration power plant. Waste incineration fly ash contains a large number of toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and dioxins. The international cancer research center of the World Health Organization has identified dioxins as class I carcinogens.
目前处理的方法有：固化填埋、水洗稳定化处理、热处理、化学稳定化处理、重金属提取、生物淋滤处理方法、电渗析法等。现有的处理技术，都无法对垃圾飞灰进行经济有效的无害化处置及资源化利用。
At present, the treatment methods include: solidification landfill, water washing stabilization treatment, heat treatment, chemical stabilization treatment, heavy metal extraction, bioleaching treatment, electrodialysis, etc. The existing treatment technologies can not carry out economic and effective harmless disposal and resource utilization of waste fly ash.